yannachka
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Posts posted by yannachka
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if the eye is swollen that tends to happen when the fish starts retaining a lot of fluids. if it’s internal then salt wont treat it. id treat with erythromycin personally.
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id also like to add that the light may be too intense in brightness and you may find yourself with algae issues that way. on a low tech set up on a small tank like that you’ll find that even 50% brightness is more than enough.
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hey all, i love shopping through the garden section and picking up plants to use in aquariums that most people wouldn’t think of. the other day i came across some sweet flag and fountain grass on clearance (only $3 per pot!) which are both popular pond plants. here is how i prepped them to go into a tank.
first you want to remove all of the soil from the roots of the plant. this while take some time and you want to be thorough, you really don’t want to introduce any of the ferts, bugs, and other stuff in the soil. i use a hose outside and blast the plants, these plants are pretty hardy and can handle a little abuse. i also trim the roots before i start washing to make it easier to wash and to plant later.
once inside i spray the plants and roots down with a mixture of 50% isopropyl alcohol/water mix and a little dish soap. i let the plants sit and evaporate. this is actually how i disinfect my house plants as well, it’s a great way to kill off fungus gnats and eggs in the soil.
while the plants are sitting i made some planters to put them in. 1/2 of the plants will be going into a planter and the other 1/2 will be in another tank planted directly in the soil.
i bought these little storage containers from target, it was a 4 pack for $2 i believe.
i used a puncher to punch some holes to allow tank water and flow.
i used my favorite substrate mix which is fluval stratum and fluorite (dark or red).
i had the perfect spot in the back behind the driftwood that fit the planter perfectly.
i use the planters to keep these plants from spreading too much. i didnt do that with the charlie mint and creeping jenny on the left and they’ve taken over the tank (not complaining). i wanted this grass to be a bit more contained.
i encourage everyone to branch out from just your lfs and see what you can play with in your tanks. experimenting with plants and emersed plants is one of my favorite parts of this hobby.
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35 minutes ago, GardenStateGoldfish said:
White clouds would also make a great choice but not as personable IMO. Telescope Goldfish are not difficult to take care of in a 20g to be honest, different fancy types have different care requirements just like German Shepards and French bulldogs
while telescopes stay smaller than other fancies, they still get large. me and you can care for one in a 20 long term but a disabled child is not going to be able to do those water changes 2x a week when that goldfish is 7”. i think they should stick to less maintenance fish, paradise gourami are very similar to bettas in personality and are pretty personable. the danios or white clouds would add movement and action to the tank while the gourami is the centerpiece fish.
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28 minutes ago, GardenStateGoldfish said:
To corys point, short lifespans can cause a problem when building a tank for emotional support, guppies can colonize which can help, I would put in two black more goldfish or telescope goldfish, they can live a very long time and can be quite active and will constantly be looking for food and moving around which would be nice to look at.
i dont think the child will be able to maintain a goldfish in a 20g long term though, we wanna give him something that’s low maintenance. i really like the idea of room temp and keeping white clouds or danios with a paradise fish.
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i would quarantine any fish before adding them to your pond, you don’t know if the tumor was caused by genetics or disease.
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i was procrastinating (productively) and came across another study that was done on using tea tree oils as an anti-stresser for fish.
Essential Oils as Stress-Reducing Agents for Fish Aquaculture: A Review
Abstract
In fish, stressful events initiate a hormone cascade along the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamus-sympathetic-chromaffin (HSC) axis to evoke several physiological reactions in order to orchestrate and maintain homeostasis. Several biotic and abiotic factors, as well as aquaculture procedures (handling, transport, or stocking density), activated stress system inducing negative effects on different physiological processes in fish (growth, reproduction, and immunity). In order to reduce these consequences, the use of essential oils (EOs) derived from plants has been the focus of aquaculture studies due to their diverse properties (e.g., anesthetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial), which have been shown to reduce biochemical and endocrine alterations and, consequently, to improve the welfare status. Recently, several studies have shown that biogenic compounds isolated from different EOs present excellent biological activities, as well as the nanoencapsulated form of these EOs may potentiate their effects. Overall, EOs presented less side effects than synthetic compounds, but their stress-reducing efficacy is related to their chemical composition, concentration or chemotype used. In addition, their species-specific actions must be clearly established since they can act as stressors by themselves if their concentrations and chemotypes used are not suitable. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the effect of these natural compound mixtures in different fish species, from marine to freshwater, in order to find the ideal concentration range and the way for their administration to obtain the desired biological activity, without any undesired side effects. In this review, the main findings regarding the use of different EOs as stress reducers will be presented to highlight the most important issues related to their use to improve fish welfare in aquaculture.
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i've had some mangroves in my tanks for a while, growth is good both in the air roots and the leaves. i have a vision for a mangrove heavy tank in a large tank where you (very slowly) grow the air roots to give an appearance of tree roots with the leaves forming a canopy above the tank. ill post some photos of my mangroves when i get home. one thing about mangroves is that they do not do well when moved once they get past the 24" size or so, they tend to die off when moved.
from my experience, you want the entire stem the leaves form out of to be above water which is the brown part you see in the photo. leaves will develop all alongside that portion which is why you want it out of water.
growing mangroves is kind of like a bonsai, it takes years to grow them and lots or pruning. so to develop the air roots, which are these:
you need to have a nutrient rich water (fertilized) to encourage that growth. you do need to find a balance with the leaves in the canopy though, if you allow the mangrove to grow too many leaves they will stop developing the air roots. once you trim a leaf from the canopy it tends to not grow back so trimming leaves is kind of like pruning a bonsai tree. it can take years before they get to the point where you really need to start maintaining them though, they're slow growers. these are amazing nitrate removers and do better with harder water and minerals.
im happy cory gave these a shoutout, i think more people need to be playing around with them and im always pushing for people to grow plants out of the tank as well as growing them inside.
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1 hour ago, Daniel said:
Guppies and mollies are closely related enough to interbreed, but and this a big but, as far as I know, no one has ever gotten fertile offspring from this cross.
They are called either muppies or gollies, depending who the dad is.
that's crazy, TIL! ive kept both together many many times and have never experienced this or had anyone i know personally have them hybridize either.
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1 hour ago, Andrew Geiger said:
YES, I believe it would. I personally think you could even mix in female platys to dither him a bit if you don't want hybridized breeding.
edit: Guppies will interbreed with mollies just so you know.
i dont think that is true, guppies and mollies are two completely different species and i have never heard of them hybridizing.
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ive become the local “fish person” somehow even though i don’t talk about my tanks really outside of my small friend group. my biggest pet peeve is people coming up to me and asking me to help them set up a tank and then disregarding every piece of advice and info i give them. if you aren’t willing to listen to me why are you wasting my time in the first place
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8 hours ago, Taregreen said:
Update: she passed. She was definitely preggo. I gave her a little squeeze after death and at least 19 dead fry popped out. Thanks for the responses. Poor little girl. RIP.
sorry about your loss. she could have had the prolapse from birthing complications, it happens occasionally with guppies.
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it was my understanding that freshwater moray eels are a myth and they’re all brackish at the minimum. i did way too much research into these a couple years back with a friend who’s really into saltwater and that’s the conclusion we came to. they’ll do okay in freshwater that’s hard and rich in minerals short term but really need to be transitioned to at least brackish.
those puffers look good though! i need to do a tank full of them at some point
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definitely looks like a prolapse. difficult to reverse but id move her to a hospital tank and treat with salt
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you can throw in a root tab underneath it to help with nutrients but the plant generally looks pretty fine
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1 hour ago, Hillbilly nomad said:
The short life span of guppies is the main reason why I wasn't wanting to use my cull guppies. I'll probably go with white clouds and some of my green corydoras. Any ideas on one more group of fish? Cherry barbs, maybe?
the short lifespan is a good point. do you think he would find joy in babies? if so you could do a pair of apistos and a school of tetras, the apistos should breed for him at some point and he can turn the babies in at a lfs for store credit. it would give him a project and a hobby to enjoy vs just a pretty tank to look at. if you’re going cold water though id do the minnows and something like a paradise gourami which is colorful and likes cooler temps.
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guppy skittles tank! lots of color, very active, and he will get the joy of lots of babies. you can throw a betta in there as well as a centerpiece fish, take a trip with him (if you can with his parents of course) to the pet store and let him pick one out.
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i was catching up on the livestreams and cory mentioned that he doesnt think that melafix is actually effective. there have actually been some studies done on melafix that i wanted to share here for everyone’s reference. i am very sorry about formatting in advance, im on mobile which is a pita as is but ill try my best.
Laboratory evaluation of safety and efficacy for MELAFIX® (melaleuca cajuputi extract)
Abstract and Figures
A study was performed at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, to assess the safety and efficacy of Melafix®, an aquarium product produced by Mars Fishcare Incorporated. Studies were carried out on the goldfish (Carassius auratus), a freshwater species, and the false percula clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), a marine fish. Animals were monitored closely and evaluated microscopically after exposure to Melafix® according to the label directions for a period of 28 days. Water quality parameters were monitored on a daily basis. The use of Melafix® on goldfish and clownfish appears to be safe since no adverse effects were noted during the experimental period. The results also showed that Melafix® has no impact on the water quality parameters tested. In vitro efficacy studies were carried out by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Melafix® on various pathogens. The study revealed that Melafix® had no significant bactericidal or inhibitory effect on any of the pathogens tested. This observation suggests that anecdotal benefits of Melafix® are not due to antibacterial activity. This topic will require further research and possibly an in vivo study.this study also says that while not harmful to most fish, it can be harmful to anabantoids by coating their labrynth organ.Abstract
The demand for ornamental fish has led to a steep rise in aquaculture for the hobbyist trade, promoting the emergence, persistence and spread of various infectious diseases. Complete control of disease outbreaks with antibiotics and chemical-based medicines is rare, but plant compounds may herald potential alternatives effective against a range of pathogens. Melafix® and Pimafix® are formulated with the essential oils cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi) and West Indian bay (Pimenta racemosa) and are marketed against bacterial and fungal infections, respectively. Previous experiments showed high efficacy of emulsified cajuput oil against gyrodactylids; the current study tested Melafix® and Pimafix® and their individual compounds against Gyrodactylus turnbulli infecting the guppies Poecilia reticulata. In particular, a combination treatment of Melafix® and Pimafix® was highly effective at reducing in vitro survival of parasites from 15 to 2 h and eradicating 95% of gyrodactylids in vivo. The unexpected high efficacy of this combination treatment is likely explained by the high content of terpenes and phenol propanoids in the cajuput and West Indian bay oils, as well as the anti-helminthic properties of the emulsifier Crovol PK 70. Hence, Melafix® and Pimafix® effectively reduce gyrodactylid burdens on fish, increasing the chances of efficient disease control in ornamental fish.additional studies/info not directly related to melafix but studying the healing properties of tea tree oils in fishnot fda approved, shows some other info on ingredients___________________________________________Antimicrobial peptides are increasingly recognized as a critical first line of defence against many pathogens and have been isolated from epithelial tissues and blood cells of many vertebrates, as well as from prokaryotes, plants and invertebrates. Here we show that 'piscidins', a previously undiscovered family of peptide antibiotics isolated from fish, reside in mast cells, an immune cell of uncertain function that is present in all vertebrate classes. Until now, no peptide antibiotic has been isolated from the mast cells of any animal, and our discovery indicates that these cells may be critical in fighting many infectious diseases.
___________________________________________Gyrodactylus spp. infections of commercially farmed fishes are responsible for significant economic losses. Existing treatments have proved uneconomic, stressful to the fishes, and ecologically damaging. Essential oils are naturally occurring compounds that exhibit a wide range of anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities. This study explored the possibility of using Australian tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil (TTO) to treat Gyrodactylus spp. infection on the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. In the presence of 0.01 % Tween 80 as an emulsifier, TTO treatments at concentrations between 3 and 30 ppmv (parts per million by volume) lowered the prevalence and significantly reduced the parasite burden of sticklebacks naturally infected with Gyrodactylus spp. In addition, Tween 80 alone exhibited parasiticidal activity against Gyrodactylus spp. These findings show the potential of TTO in combination with Tween 80 as an effective treatment of Gyrodactylus spp. infection of fishes.
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Abstract
Some evidence has demonstrated that Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, etiologic agent of "white spot disease", causes severe bioenergetics dysfunction in the spleen of naturally infected silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), which contributes directly to disease pathogenesis. Recently, several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, popularly known as tea tree oil (TTO), in the treatment of freshwater fish naturally or experimentally infected with I. multifiliis. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether TTO is capable of preventing or reducing splenic bioenergetics dysfunction in silver catfish naturally infected with I. multifiliis. Splenic cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities decreased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals, while adenylate kinase (AK) activity increased. Treatment with TTO was able to prevent the inhibition on splenic CK and PK activities but was not able to prevent the stimulation of AK activity. Based on this evidence, treatment with TTO prevents the impairment on energetic metabolism via improvement of enzymes belonging to the phosphotransfer network, such as CK and PK. In summary, this treatment can be considered an interesting approach to prevent the bioenergetics imbalance in spleen of silver catfish naturally infected with I. multifiliis.
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Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila infection represents a major impediment to the development of aquaculture, leading to important economic losses. Over the last few years, different methods have been used to counteract and minimize the negative effects of this infection, such as the use of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil, popularly known as tea tree oil (TTO), that possess a bactericide action against A. hydrophila. The purinergic system develops an important role in the inflammatory response, principally due to involvement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the inflammatory process, as well as by the anti-inflammatory properties of adenosine (Ado), a molecule that is controlled by NTPDase, 5'-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzymes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of purinergic enzymes in the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila infection, and whether the purinergic pathway and innate immune response are involved in the protective effects of TTO in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected with A. hydrophila. Our results revealed that A. hydrophila infection increased seric NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activity, while ADA activity decreased. Also, the seric levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (INF-γ) increased in the infected fish, while the seric level of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) decreased. Treatment with TTO was able to prevent the impairment of purinergic enzymes and improve the innate immune response through the modulation of cytokine response during A. hydrophila infection. In summary, prophylactic therapy with TTO can be considered an important approach to improve the immune response and consequently avoid the inflammatory process in fish infected with A. hydrophila.
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interesting study done on ichImmunity to Ichthyophthirius infections in fish: a synopsis
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thats all i have for now. if anyone else has come across some interesting research on this topic feel free to share!
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i used to keep these guys. from all the research i did i do believe there are many species that get lumped into the “bumblebee goby” name. the issue is some of them do require brackish water so it can be very difficult making sure you get a freshwater variant since wholesalers ship them all under the same name. i have found that all of the ones ive kept over the years did better in harder water with more minerals and tended to fall apart in soft water. when kept in proper groups there is little aggressive behavior although they will go hard on snails and inverts.
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i keep my betta in a rimless tank, if you add floaters to the top they kind of act like a lid and discourage jumping. i havent had any issues with jumpers in any of my topless tanks with bettas, rasboras, killifish, etc. the only one was an amano that decided to climb out.
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7 hours ago, Cory said:
I keep meaning to do themed tanks each year but I always end up so busy 😞
i feel you, adding a skeleton was the most i had time for, i do want to do something more for christmas though so i guess i better start now lol
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they use usps, they ship in flat rate boxes for most items.
Accidental betta spawn or weird female?
in Photos, Videos & Journals
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that is a male from what i can see in the photos. is there a lid on the tank? it is very possible the female could have jumped the divider and gotten over.